Lista Engel
La Lista Engel es una lista de personas que el gobierno de Estados Unidos considera que han participado en actos de corrupción o lavado de dinero en el extranjero. La lista fue creada en 2010 y desde entonces se ha actualizado varias veces. Las personas que están en la lista están sujetas a sanciones de Estados Unidos, que incluyen la prohibición de viajar a Estados Unidos y la congelación de activos.
La Lista Engel se basa en información de diversas fuentes, incluyendo el Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos, el Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos y la Oficina de Control de Activos Extranjeros. El gobierno de Estados Unidos no revela cómo se seleccionan las personas para la lista, pero se cree que se basan en una serie de factores, incluyendo su participación en actos de corrupción, su cercanía a funcionarios corruptos y sus vínculos con empresas que se sospecha que están involucradas en el lavado de dinero.
La Lista Engel ha sido elogiada por algunos por ayudar a disuadir la corrupción y el lavado de dinero en el extranjero. Sin embargo, también ha sido criticada por algunos por ser discriminatoria y por no tener en cuenta las leyes y costumbres locales.
Personas que ingresaron a la lista en el año 2021
GUATEMALA
Gustavo Adolfo Alejos Cambara, former Guatemalan Presidential Chief of Staff, engaged in significant corruption by facilitating payments to congressional representatives and judges on Guatemala’s Supreme Court of Justice (CSJ) in order to inappropriately influence the judicial selection process for magistrates to the CSJ and Court of Appeals and secure his future release from prison and the dismissal of corruption charges. He is designated under the Global Magnitsky sanctions program and Section 7031(c) for involvement in significant corruption.
Felipe Alejos Lorenzana, former first secretary of the Guatemalan Congress, has engaged in significant corruption. While acting in his official capacity, Mr. Alejos was involved in corrupt acts to enrich himself, while also seriously harming U.S. businesses’ international economic activity. He is designated under the Global Magnitsky sanctions program and Section 7031(c) for involvement in significant corruption.
Delia Bac Alvarado, former congressional representative, engaged in significant corruption through her misuse of public funds for personal benefit. She is designated under Section 7031(c) for involvement in significant corruption.
Florencio Carrascoza Gamez, current mayor of Joyabaj, undermined democratic processes or institutions by intimidating and unjustly imprisoning political opponents.
Alvaro Colom Caballeros, former president, engaged in significant corruption when he participated in fraud and embezzlement involving a new bus system in Guatemala City known as Transurbano.
Manuel Duarte Barrera, currently on the Supreme Court, has undermined democratic processes or institutions by abusing his authority to inappropriately influence and manipulate the appointment of judges to high court positions.
Boris Roberto Espana Caceres, current congressional representative in the Guatemalan Congress, engaged in significant corruption when he participated in influence peddling and bribery.
Mario Amilcar Estrada Orellana, former congressional representative, engaged in significant corruption and was sentenced by U.S. courts for seeking millions from Mexico’s Sinaloa Cartel to finance political campaigns.
Raul Amilcar Falla Ovalle, a lawyer for the NGO Fundacion Contra el Terrorismo (Foundation Against Terrorism – FCT), attempted to delay or obstruct criminal proceedings against former military officials who had committed acts of violence, harassment, or intimidation against governmental and nongovernmental corruption investigators.
Moises Eduardo Galindo Ruiz, an attorney with the NGO FCT, attempted to delay or obstruct criminal proceedings against former military officials who had committed acts of violence, harassment, or intimidation against governmental and nongovernmental corruption investigators, as well as the work of the Special Prosecutor’s Office Against Impunity (FECI).
Juan Carlos Godinez Rodriguez, lawyer and former member of a congressional commission in charge of selecting Supreme Court magistrates, undermined democratic processes or institutions by abusing his authority to inappropriately influence and manipulate the appointment of judges to high court positions.
Gustavo Adolfo Herrera Castillo, political operative and businessman, undermined democratic processes or institutions by abusing his authority to inappropriately influence and manipulate the appointment of judges to high court positions.
Ricardo Rafael Mendez Ruiz Valdez, the founder and legal representative of the NGO FCT, attempted to delay or obstruct criminal proceedings against former military officials who had committed acts of violence, harassment, or intimidation against governmental and nongovernmental corruption investigators.
Mynor Mauricio Moto Morataya, selected in January 2021 to fill a vacant seat on the country’s Constitutional Court, undermined processes or institutions and engaged in significant corruption when he obstructed justice and received bribes in return for a favorable legal decision.
Alejandro Jorge Sinbaldi Aparicio, former Minister of Communications, Infrastructure, and Housing, engaged in significant corruption when he participated in bribery and illegal electoral financing, and the laundering of the proceeds of corruption for personal gain. He is designated under Section 7031(c) for involvement in significant corruption.
Guillermo Estuardo de Jesus Sosa Rodriguez, former Vice Minister of Communications, engaged in significant corruption when he participated in bribery schemes, including involvement in a criminal structure that pressured, collected, and deposited bribes from state contractors in exchange for personal benefits.
Blanca Aida Stalling Davila, former Supreme Court Justice, engaged in significant corruption by participating in bribery schemes and inappropriately influencing the judicial branch. She is designated under Section 7031(c) for involvement in significant corruption.
Elder de Jesús Súchite Vargas, former Minister of Culture, engaged in significant corruption related to government contracts and influence peddling for personal gain.
Jorge Estuardo Vargas Morales, current congressional representative, engaged in significant corruption and undermined democratic processes or institutions when he engaged in bribery, coercion, and influence peddling.
Nester Mauricio Vasquez Pimentel, currently on the Supreme Court, has undermined democratic processes or institutions by abusing his authority to inappropriately influence and manipulate the appointment of judges to high court positions.
Personas que ingresaron a la lista en 2022
Dennis Billy Herrera Arita, a Guatemalan lawyer, undermined the democratic process or institutions by participating in the “Parallel Commissions 2020” scheme to stack the Supreme and Appellate Courts with corrupt judges.
Carlos Estuardo Galvez Barrios, former Rector of the University of San Carlos (USAC), undermined the democratic process or institutions by using his standing in the legal community to influence members of the judicial nomination commission in the facilitation of the “Parallel Commissions 2020” scheme to stack the Supreme Court and Appellate Courts with corrupt judges.
Jose Rafael Curruchiche Cacul (Rafael Curruchiche), the current chief of the Public Ministry’s Office of the Special Prosecutor Against Impunity (FECI), obstructed investigations into acts of corruption by disrupting high-profile corruption cases against government officials and raising apparently spurious claims against FECI prosecutors, private attorneys, and former International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) prosecutors.
Axel Arturo Samayoa Camacho, the owner of several trucking and shipping companies operating in the government-run EMPORNAC (Atlantic) and EPQ (Pacific) ports, engaged in significant corruption by improperly colluding with public officials and paying bribes to ensure his companies won lucrative port contracts.
Ramiro Mauricio Lopez Camey, the current co-owner of construction company Asfaltos y Petróleos S.A. (Aspetro), engaged in significant corruption by paying bribes to receive government construction contracts.
Ramon “Moncho” Campollo Codina, a current owner of Corporacion Energias de Guatemala, engaged in significant corruption by bribing public officials and in a manner that harmed U.S. commercial and policy goals to improve energy efficiency.
Geisler Smaille Perez Dominguez, a current judge for the Third Criminal Court, undermined democratic processes by obstructing prosecutions of proponents of the “Parallel Commissions 2020” scheme to stack the Supreme Court and Appellate Courts with corrupt judges.
Sofia Janeth Hernandez Herrera, the current congressional representative for the Union del Cambio Nacional (UCN) party, undermined the democratic process or institutions by misusing her official powers to intimidate her political opponents. She also solicited bribes and threatened to weaponize the legitimate purposes of Guatemala’s congress to retaliate against her enemies for personal benefit.
Steffan Christian Emanuel Lehnhoff Hernandez, a current owner of Corporacion Energias de Guatemala, engaged in significant corruption by bribing public officials and in a manner that harmed U.S. commercial and policy goals to improve energy efficiency.
Mayra Alejandra Carrillo de Leon (Alejandra Carrillo), current Director of the Victim’s Institute, undermined the democratic process or institutions by using her official position to facilitate the “Parallel Commissions 2020” scheme to stack the Supreme Court and Appellate Courts with corrupt judges.
Erick Gustavo Santiago de Leon, a former judge and President of the Regional Appeal Civil Court, engaged in significant corruption and obstructed investigations into acts of corruption by soliciting bribes in return for favorable court rulings in cases before him.
Nery Oswaldo Medina Mendez, a current Supreme Court of Justice magistrate, undermined the democratic process or institutions by participating in the “Parallel Commissions 2020” scheme to stack the Supreme Court and Appellate Courts with corrupt judges.
Vitalina Orellana y Orellana, a current Supreme Court of Justice magistrate, undermined the democratic process or institutions by participating in the “Parallel Commissions 2020” scheme to stack the Supreme Court and Appellate Courts with corrupt judges.
Mauricio Lopez Oliva, the current co-owner of construction company Asfaltos y Petróleos S.A. (Aspetro), engaged in significant corruption by paying bribes to receive government construction contracts.
Victor Manuel Cruz Rivera, a current Criminal Court Judge, obstructed investigations into acts of corruption by improperly delaying court proceedings.
José Luis Benito Ruiz, the former Minister of Communications and Infrastructure from 2018-2020, engaged in significant corruption when he solicited, accepted, and offered bribes in order to maintain his official position and receive kickbacks from contractors, and facilitated the transfer of proceeds of corruption.
Personas que ingresaron a la lista en 2023
Cinthia Edelmira Monterroso Gómez, a current prosecutor, undermined democratic processes or institutions by bringing unsubstantiated, politically motivated criminal charges against journalists for exercising their freedom of expression as protected by Guatemalan law.
Edgar Humberto Navarro Castro, a former president of Guatemala’s energy wholesale market administrator, engaged in significant corruption by providing official benefits in exchange for bribes and kickbacks, at the expense of improving energy efficiency and taking effective action against climate change.
Fredy Raul Orellana Letona, a current judge, undermined democratic processes or institutions by authorizing unsubstantiated, politically motivated criminal charges against journalists who were exercising their freedom of expression as protected by Guatemalan law.
Gendri Rocael Reyes Mazariegos, a former minister of interior, engaged in significant corruption.
Joviel Acevedo Ayala, the current head of Guatemalan Education Workers Union (STEG), engaged in significant corruption by providing STEG’s political support in exchange for bribes from public officials.
Jimi Rodolfo Bremer Ramírez, a current judge, undermined democratic processes or institutions by authorizing politically motivated criminal charges against journalists for exercising their freedom of expression as protected by Guatemalan law.
Lesther Castellanos Rodas, a former judge and current Guatemalan Rapporteur against Torture, undermined democratic processes or institutions by retaliating against an anticorruption prosecutor for filing administrative complaints concerning Castellanos’s handling of a criminal case.
Melvin Quijivix Vega, the current president of the National Electrification Institute, engaged in significant corruption by using his position and connections to improperly and unlawfully direct government procurement contracts to specific companies, in several cases to a company he privately owns.
Omar Ricardo Barrios Osorio, the current president of the board of directors of the National Port Commission, undermined democratic processes or institutions by conspiring to intimidate and harass an anticorruption prosecutor for denouncing corrupt activity.
Walter Ramiro Mazariegos Biolis, the Rector of the San Carlos University, undermined democratic processes or institutions by accepting the position of rector of the public education institution in July 2022 following a fraudulent selection process.
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